C1 — advancedsociety45 words
Law, justice & rights
| Serbian | Meaning |
|---|---|
| zákon | law, statute |
| právo | right, law; being right (imati pravo = to be right); cf. adverb pravo |
| sȗd | court; judgement, opinion |
| ȕgovōr | contract |
| advòkāt | lawyer; attorney |
| ȍbaveza | duty, obligation |
| prȅsuda | verdict, court ruling |
| tùžba | lawsuit, statement of claim — the document by which a party turns to a court; a complaint to a higher authority is žalba, a product complaint is reklamacija |
| žàlba | complaint, appeal (to a higher authority; cf. reklamacija, prigovor) |
| ȕstāv | constitution (not a company's charter — that is statut) |
| odgovórnōst | responsibility, liability (fem.) — everyday and legal alike; the kind is named by an adjective: krivična, građanska, materijalna odgovornost |
| pròpis | regulation, statutory instrument — the generic word for any written rule issued by authority; a zakon, a uredba and a pravilnik are all propisi. Plural propisi = the body of regulations |
| pràvīlnīk | rulebook, set of implementing rules — a subordinate act with detailed provisions issued by a body or an organisation; not a zakon (statute), not a propis (the generic term) |
| člȃn | article (of a law or contract) — the main numbered unit; inside it come stav (paragraph) and tačka (item). Also 'member' (of a body, family); a newspaper article is članak |
| stȁv | a stance, attitude; a paragraph of a legal article |
| tȁčka | point, full stop; item, sub-point — used when citing a legal text: član 5, stav 2, tačka 3 |
| sȗdskī pòstupak | court proceedings — the handling of a case in court as a whole; the type is specified: parnični (civil), krivični (criminal), izvršni (enforcement) |
| pàrnica | civil lawsuit, litigation — a dispute between parties heard by a court (parnični postupak = civil procedure); the everyday word for a sudski/pravni spor |
| tùžilac | 1) claimant, plaintiff — the party that filed the claim in a civil case; 2) prosecutor — in a criminal case, in full javni tužilac (the office is tužilaštvo). One word, two different participants: the type of proceedings decides which |
| túženī | respondent, defendant — the party a civil claim is filed against; the accused in a criminal case is called okrivljeni or optuženi instead |
| pòdneti tȕžbu | to file a lawsuit — the standard collocation; podneti is the official-register verb for submitting a document: podneti zahtev, podneti žalbu |
| ròčīšte | court hearing — the appointed day and time the parties are called to court; not a sednica (session of a body), not a sastanak (meeting) |
| sȗdskā òdluka | court decision — the generic name for any act of a court; the two main kinds are distinguished: a presuda decides the case on its merits, a rešenje deals with procedural and other matters. English 'decision' blurs both |
| rešénje | official decision |
| prȁvnosnažan | final and binding, res judicata — of a court decision that has reached its final state; noun pravnosnažnost. Not 'lawful' (that is zakonit) |
| drȕgostepenī | second-instance — of the court, body or proceedings the case moves to after the first instance (prvostepeni); English needs a phrase: 'appellate', 'of the second instance' |
| nádležnōst | jurisdiction, competence (fem.) — the range of matters a given body or court deals with; adjective nadležan 'competent, in charge' |
| dȍkaznī pòstupak | the taking of evidence — the part of proceedings in which the court works through the evidence (dokaz); no one-word equivalent |
| svedòčēnje | testimony, the giving of evidence — both the act and its content; svedočiti = to testify, svedok = witness |
| vèštāk | court-appointed expert — a specialist who gives an opinion on a question requiring expertise; veštačenje = expert examination. From vešt 'skilled' |
| túžiti | to sue someone (tužiti nekoga); colloquially also to tell on someone. Not the Russian тужить 'to grieve' — that is tugovati |
| zastúpānje | representation — acting in someone else's matter on their behalf (zastupnik = representative, zastupati = to represent) |
| pȕnomōćje | power of attorney (the document) |
| prȁvo na | right to (something) — the frame Serbian uses to name any specific right; na is followed by the accusative |
| rȁskid ùgovora | termination of a contract — bringing a contract to an end before it runs out (verb raskinuti ugovor); not istek (expiry), not otkaz (dismissal) |
| ùgovōrnā kȁzna | contractual penalty, liquidated damages — a sum fixed in the contract itself for the event of breach; literally 'contractual fine', but not a fine imposed by the state |
| nȁknada štȅte | compensation for damage — the payout on a claim |
| rȏk zastàrelosti | limitation period — the period after which a claim counts as time-barred (zastarelost = limitation, zastareti = to become time-barred); periods differ by type of claim |
| prȃvno líce | legal person, legal entity — an organisation acting as a subject of law in its own right; on forms it is the alternative to fizičko lice |
| fìzičko líce | natural person — a human being as a subject of law, as opposed to a pravno lice (an organisation) |
| ȍvera | certification |
| nòtār | notary (everyday word; the official title is javni beležnik) |
| nàsledstvo | inheritance |
| testàment | will |
| stàratēljstvo | guardianship — care for a person unable to manage their own affairs, and for their property; staratelj = guardian |
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